LaTeX Basics

6. Advanced Mathematics

Equation alignment, matrices, systems, and theorems.

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LaTeX is the undisputed king of mathematical typesetting. Beyond simple variables, you can handle multi-line derivations and complex structures with ease.

Level 1: Alignment & Multi-line

The align environment (from amsmath) allows you to align equations at the equals sign using &.

Source Code
Example OutputStatic
\begin{align} (a+b)^2 &= a^2 + 2ab + b^2 \\ (a-b)^2 &= a^2 - 2ab + b^2 \end{align}
(a+b)²=a² + 2ab + b²
(a-b)²=a² - 2ab + b²

Level 2: Matrices & Cases

Represent data structures and piecewise functions using environments like pmatrix and cases.

Source Code
Example OutputStatic
% A Matrix \[ A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \] % A Piecewise Function \[ |x| = \begin{cases} x & \text{if } x \ge 0 \\ -x & \text{if } x < 0 \end{cases} \]
A =
1001
|x| = {
x if x ≥ 0
-x if x < 0

Level 3: Theorems & Proofs

Load amsthm to define professional theorem environments.

Source Code
Example OutputStatic
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem} \begin{theorem}[Pythagoras] The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs. \end{theorem} \begin{proof} By construction... \end{proof}
Theorem 1 (Pythagoras).The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs.
Proof.By construction... □